Turbine-engine.



2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATBNTED JUNE 26, 1906.

C. J. START.-

TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 001.20, 1905.

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Wi in es .s e s 4%! -fZ/@a 11M/Win07@ @@L PATENTED JUNE 26, 1906..

c. J. STUART. TURBINE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 0OT.20, 1905.

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z.

ln Venier.

Witnesses.

Qotom.

herrn srarss -es.'rsivr lorries.

CHARLES .JURDEN STUART, 0F MGNTREAL, CANADA.'

TUFiBlhlE'ENGlNE..

ivo. salines.

Specification of "Letters sftent.

.llatented June 2,6, 1992?,

Application le OctoberZO, 1905. Serial No. 283,664.

To caZZ whom it may con/cern:

' Be it known that l, CHARLES JOURDEAN STUAn'r, a subject of the King ofrGreat Britain, residing at 417 Duluth avenue, in the oity 'of`lt'lontreal, in the district of Montreal,

in the Province of Quebec, in the Dominion lspeoiiioation andillustrated in the accompan Tine' drawines that forni fartof the saine.

b .e i l The invention consists, essentially, of a easing having asuitable inlet and exhaust and bearings centrally disposed in the headsthereof, a pair of turbines journaled in the aforesaid bearings andhaving the inner termini oi` their hubs ooadiaeent within the oasing andtheir bladecarrying disks alternately arranged, respectively, arotatable shafthavl ing a direct bearing onsaid hubs and extendingtherethrough, and clutches having one of their members rigid with theouter ends or said hubs and their other member mounted on said shaft.

The obieets of the invention are to' utilize the expansile fluidoperating theI turbine to the fullest extent possible, to insure an eX-hanst at lowpresiure, to provide a reversing means which shall have aforce substantially equal to the forward movement, and to devise acompact and duable construction Without materially'increasing the oostof pro-1v duotion in such machines.` i`

ln the drawir s, iiigurel is a longitudinal sectional view of theturbine and olutohes. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view' oi' the olutohnieehanivii through A B in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is 've detail of a section ofthe tui;- Fig. il is a perspeetive detail of Fig. a perspeetix-*e detailof the blade. the retaining-wedge inserted between the bladescire-uniteientially. 6 is an enlarged perspective detail of a portionor" a packing ring or baille. Fig. 7 is a sectional detail ol' aduid-box adjacent to the clutches.

Lilie oharaeters of reference indicate oor-- responding parts in eachligure.

o is a turbine-easing having thi-:inlet b and the exhaust-opening c andthe bearings d and in the heads thereof.

f represents bushings inserted in the bearings (Z and e.

g and lL are turbines formed of a plurality of disks i and j,respectively, lextending from lpassages throughout the blades.

the hubs le and Z, jou naled in the bearings d" and e, respectively.

my is a shaft extending through the hubs le and Z and beyond each headof the casing4 The hubs Zr: and Z terminate at their inner ends inproximity one to the other, and there is a direct bearing between theshaft and .the said hubs throughout the entire length oi the latter,though it must be understood that if it is considered advisable inconstruction to reduce the Weight of said hubs some of the metal may beremoved from, the interior Wall and j are formed ol a pluralityof solidrings n and o, between which are interposed the blades p, thus havingthe rings and blades in said disks alternate radially. The blades p areeuived throughout their entire length and have at the ends thereof thedovetailed tongues q, which lit into the dovetailed slots r in the ringsn and 0.

s represents wedges filling in the slots r between the tongues q of theblades p and hav-V ing the teats t on the out'er surfaces of theirinturned ilanges u, said tea-ts corresponding to and fitting into theholes o through the tongues q.

The innermost rings n of the turbine g are iirmly secured or torni partwith the hub 7c, and their blades p extend therefrom to the `next rings,and from the next rings to out-er rings, and so on to the outermostrings. The innermost rings o of the turbine h encircle the hub Z betweenthe innermost rings ln of the turbine g, and their blades @which are setin the opposite direction to the blades of the turbine g, extend to thenext ring and from that ring to the next succeeding rings, and

so on until the outermost rings are reached, which are firmly secured toor form part ivi th the drinn w. "llhesaid drum w is rigidly sooiired toor 2terms part with a dislr 9:, through which are the openings y to andfrom the The dish :o is rigidly secured rto or forms part with the hubZ, to which is also secured the end dish oi' the disks j. t will be thusseen that the disks y' through the drum w, extend from and are supported,by the hub Z, encircling the shaft m, and each of the disks j reachesin' between the disks fi, having their innergrings, as explained,encircling the hub Zr. ln this arrangement of disks, while the separateturbines are closely delined by their separate hubs, yet theeXpansile-fiuid passages z, 2, and 3 are through blades of both turbines,intermediate of their length. The disks i said eliainbers are elosedSii and when one of said turbines is held sta tioiiartT the other mustinove through the e5:- pansion of the lluid as it travels throughoutsaid passages.

4re resents eoinniunieating ports or passages roni the passages to thepassages L2, and 5 represents ports l'i'onrtlie passages l to thepassages 3. v

in order to utilize the luid sent into the passages z, 2, and 3 to thefullestl extent possible, the rings are. very elose together at theinlet to the passage s, and eonseipiently the blades very short. 'in thenext disk, however7 the outer rings are a little l'arther apart and theblades a little longer than in the lirst, and so on throughout theseveral disks to the end ol" the passage At the beginning ole thepassage. 2 the blades are a trille longer 'than at the end of thepassage 2, and the said passage 2 gradually inereases in Width until itrear-hes the eoininunieating port to the passage Sil, and at thebeginning ol the passage 3 the blades are. a trille longer than at theend olt the passa-ge 2. and the said passage 3 gradually Wideiisuntil itreaehes the exliaust, Where the blades are at. their longest.. ihusthere is a gradual lare.l'roin the inlet to the passages until theexhaust` is reached. ift n'iust be here einphi'isized that in thisarrangement of passages the fluid iininediately on entering is broughtinto eoiitaet with the shortest, blade of the turbine at the.eireuinl'erenee thereot where the greatest speed is required, and as itspasses on more surl'aee area ol' blade is providedthat is, the steani inits more expanded state has a greater surl'aee area l'or its impactuntil it reaches the passage nearest. the shalt., where at a lowpressure it; strikes the longest blades, and olj course the speed ol'the turbine at' this point is less than at. the. eirruinferenee ol'll'1e\\.\l,eel. t`onser|uentltY there is an even distribution ol' powerthroughout the turbine.

(i represents annular slots l'ornied in the sides ol' the rings 'fifaudo and in the heads oll the easing ii.

T represents battles in the torni ol' rings and f. esta@ shalt rn. ilieouter l'aees ol' the disks 14 are ridged, and the said disks rotate withthe shalt eoiitinuousl'v.

i7 riiikiresenls revoluble eylinders having their inner heads It;rigidlyseeured to or forining part withy the outer ends ot the hubs /rand I and eneonipassing the disks t4, which operate as pistons withinsaid cylinders. The ej/linders I7 have the ridged inner surfaces l5) totheir heads eorresponding to the ridged surtaees 16 of the disks l 4.2t) represents airvents through the headsof the eylinders i7 to allowthe est-.ape oi air freni between the sur- Vtaees 16 and 19. 21 reiresents boxes mounted on the shaft fm iininefliatelyadjoining the eyl*inders 17 and bers 8 through the inlets it). glands formed in the wallsof the boxes 2l adjaeent to the shaft and in which are the battlerings".23, having' the inturned flanges 24 and comniiinieatiug willi thechains eneireling the shattm between the v all ol the annular slots 25and the annular rings '26 on the shalt, 27 represents pipes leadinglroni a suitable exp-ansile-lluid supply through the inlets'tiuto theboxes 2l. (loininunieation is thus estalilisheiil trein theeXpansile-l'luid suppl,v througl'i the boxes 21 and the el'iainbers 8into the eylinders 17 to operate the disks 14. Vl`he boxes 2l' arepreferably split and have their halves seeiired tirinly together inorder to lo rin the glands 22. 29 represents split straps surroundingthe cylinders 17 and hinged at 30 and supported in the eireular traine 3which is supported from the base 32. 33 represents eorrugations on theouter surfaces oti the straps 29, titting into corresponding recessesH4. in the interior Walls ot' the trames 3l The upper halves of theframes 31 are seeiirely/ bolt ed at 35 overthe said straps, ands'iillieient play is permitted said straps Within the l'raines to loosentheir grips on the eylinders t7 and permit the said cylinders to revolvewithin the straps.

Sti represents eylinders supported on the 1 bases L and rigidlyconnected to thel wer inserted in the annularslotst, sotliat, anypressure olIv the expansile fluid lron'i one [luidpassage will foree abaille slot band sile lluid to the next passage.

rl`he shaft in at the ends thereoil whiehy exhalvesol' thestraps 2t)bjftlielnirs?` lrepresen'is slotsin the bars'37,and 39 representsthreaded belts inserted through the washers i sitiand intoeorrespondiugly-threaded oritiees 7 to the wall oll its lelleetnallyprevent esrape otl e:\'pan- 4l in the standards 4`Zot`tliel'raines, the washers 4t) loosely abutting the outer surlaees ol'the r bars. l re iresents nistonso ieratinlfin the tend beyond theeasing n, is hollowed, lornialt. 'lhe al. the ends by the plugs Si, buthave the inlets l() and the ouiletsl i periphery ol' said shaft andtoward eaeh end thereof. 13 represents tei'ithers inserted in saidslots. the shafts Iiftowardeach end thereof and having the slots @.5across the inner wall thereol' e irri pending to the feathers i3 andperniitn ling a sliding iiiotion .for said disks along the 'ing thechambers 8 within said sh l2 representslongitudinal slots in thecylinders Bti and having the rods 44 therelironi pixf'otallyeonneeted at45 to the upper halves ott he straps 2Q. 46 and 47 are inlet and exhaustopenings to theevlinders 36. lt may be here explained that theeori'ugationsfrom the outer surliaees ol the straps iti'ing into thereeesses in the. stall oi the traine will prevent the said i4 representsdisks mounted on straps .l'roni rotating with the evlinders t7, andthrough the action ol the pistons 43 in tlie'evhnders 36 said strapswill ne either 'gripped seeurehr4 to the' said ely'linders I7*y keepingthem from rotating, or loosened therefrom 'to permit of their treerotation,

22 represents IlO -tlnl pull ci' the rod 44,

according to the position ot' the pistons in the cylinders.

lu thc operation of this engine expansible l'luid from a suitable sourceoi supply enters through the. inlet l) in the casing L and on to theentrance oil' the passage e, where the blades of the turbines are attheir shortest, and there passes on and exerts pressure on the bladesof' every alternate disk as the blades of the other disk are set in theopposite directii'in and the turbine held by the clutch mechanism, ashereinafter incre fully explained. The expansile iiuid passes on throughthe passage e and on through the passages 2 and 3 by means or" theconnectingports 4 and 5 and causes the turbine, which. is'free, torotate. The iiuid as it reaches the innermost set of blades is ahnostJfully expanded, and therefore is allowed a greater surface. to Work on,and the final exhaust througy the epeninv' cis at very low pressure.oincidentally with the turning on of expansile iluid to theturbine-casing fluid is admitted to one oi't the cylinders 17 through abox 21. In the meantime the pressure of iluid in the cylinder 36,immediately beneath the i cylinder 17, which is being operated, is eX-hausted and iiuid adniitted through the inlet e7, raising the piston,and thus relieving the gripct the strap 29 on the cylinder 17 andleaving the latter'free to rotate. The entrance of the fluid into thecylinder l? in o eration forces the disks le apart toward t e heads,which are ridged correspondingly with the outer surfaces of the disks,thus insuring the rotation oi' the said disks with the cylinder 1T.

In the description of the parts in detail it has already been explainedthat the heads of the cylinders i7 and the hubs oic the Wheelsarerigidl'y secured together or formed of the same piece,` and in thisinstance I shall for convenience describe the operation of the cylinderl?, secured to the hub'c. ViThen'it is desired to revolve the shaft inthe direction for which the blades are set in the turbine g, thecylinder l?, secured to the hub l, is sccurcly gripped by its strap 29through the turning-on oi luid into the. inlet 46 in its lowercylinder36. v This pull oi the pistonrod on the upper halt ol the strap pullsdown on said upper haii 5 but in order to obviate the diliicultiesincident to too great a pull in one direction the cilinder 36 risesslightly against This will raise the lower half of the strap, andbet-Ween the downward pull on the upper hall and the upward motion ofthe tower hahc the cylinder" 17 is iirrnly gripped to prevent it iroinrotating. The disks 14 in the said cylinder i7 are free to rotatetherein, and consequently will turn with any motion oi'V the shaft. Thehub which is secured tothe tree cy linder 17, is set in motion by theturbine g. This causes the said cylinder 1,7 to revolve, and as thedisks le forni a secure clutch on the heads of said cyl-- indcr the saiddisks will revolve, and also the shaft, in the direction impelledbyisaid turbine.

To reverse the motion of the sh aft, the cylinder 17, which has beenrotating, is gripped in the. same manner as above described and theother cylinder is released by loosening the strap and Huid is turned onthereinto and through. its connection with the hub l the lis thusprovided in Which the-rotating turbine turns in a substantiallystationary frame throughout.

Vilhat l claim as my invention is l. In a turbine-engine, thecombination with the casing having a suitable inlet and exhaust andbearings centrally disposed in the heads thereof, of a pair of turbinesjournaled in the aforesaid bearings and having the inner termini oftheir hubs coadjacent Within the casing and their blade-carrying disksalternately arranged res iectiveiy, a rotatable shaft having a directand extending therethrough, and clutches having one of? their rneinbersrigid Wi th the outer ends of said hubs and their other ineinber mountedon said shaitfas and. for the purpose speciiied.

2. In a turbineengine, the combination with the casing having a suitableinlet and exhaust and bearinos centrally disposed in the heads thereof,o? a turbine having nlurality of disks rigidly secured to the hubthereof, said disks having blades interposed radially', and a turbinehaving disks alternating with the aforesaiddisks and biades set in theopposite directiony and supported from a hub extending into proximityyvi th the aforesaid hub at its inner end, a ,shafthaving a directbearing on said huh's at their inner and outer ends, and clutchesadjoining the outer endsof said hubs, as and for the purpose speciiied.n

3. ln a turbine-engine, the combination with the casing having asuitable iniet and exhaust and bearings centrally disposed in the headsthereof, of a pair of turbines journaled in the aforesaid bearings andhaving theinner ends of theirhubs terminating coadjacent within thecasing, and disks extending from said hubs alternately arranged, saiddisks having blades interposed radially, and

set in opposite directions in said turbines respectively and forming aplurality of fluidearing on said hubs lOO passages flaring l'rom a.narrow inlet to a eomparativelyr Wide outlet aduiaeent to the shalt', ashalt, extending through said huhs, and suitahle eliiteh meelianism, asand lor the purpose speeitied. i

4. ln a turhine-engine, the eomhiiiation with the easing having asu'itahle inletI and exhaust and hearings eentrall)l disposed in theheads thereol, ol a pair ol tui'hines journaled in the aloresaidhearings and having the inner termini ol their liuhs eoadiaeent Withinthe easing and a pluralityy ol' disks extending radially lroi'n one ol'said liuhs and a plurality ol disks arranged alternatel with theaforesaid disks and extending from a druin earried hy a disk rigid withthe other huh, 'said disks having hlades interposed atintervalsradially, forming a eontinuous tluid'- passage l'roni lthe.eireiimtert-nee inwardly, a shalt extending through said huhs, andeluteh meinhers mounted on said shalt eoaeting with rlutrh memhers rigidwith the outerendsof said huhs, as and lor the purpose speeitied.

'ln turhine-engine, the eoinhination with the easing having a suitahleinlet. and

. exhaustand hearings eentrally disposed in the heads thereof, ola pairol turhines journaled in the aforesaid hearings, a shalt ei;-

tendiiig through the liiihs ol said turhines, revoluhle eylmders havingtheir inner heads rigid with the outer end ol said hulis and rigid innersurfaces to their heads, )airs ol' disks slidahly arranged on said shaltwithin said cylinder and rotating therewith and having rigid outersurlaees, means loi' leeding lluid to said rylinders, and means lorholding one of said tn il'lindeis stationary, as and for the purposespeeilied.

(i. ln a tiii'liiiie-engiue, the eoinliination with the easing having asuitahle inlet and exhaust and hearings eentrallj,r disposed in theheads thereol',ol a, pair ol turhines journaled in the aloresaidhearings, a shalt extending through the liuhs ol' said iurhinesandharing lluid-ehamherstliere\\'ithin at. the ends thereol and inletsan'd outlets to said eliainher, a pair ol tf \'linders rigid with theouter ends ol' said hnlis resi'ieetivel)V and having ridged innersurlaees to their heads, a l

pair of disks in eaeli ol said ei'linders haring A tendaig through thehuh` ol said Iiirhines ridged 'outer surlaees eorrespondiiig to theaforesaid inner surlaeesail the erlinders and keyed to said shalt andslidingr laterall thereon, and fluid-hoses haring inlets and eneirelingthe inlets to said ehiiiii-liers. as and lor the purpose sperilied.

7. ln a turhine-eiigine, the romhinatioii with the easing having asuitalile inlet and exhaust and hearings eentrall;v dispos-ed iii theheads thereof', ol a pair ol tiirhines inurnaled in the aloresaidhearings, a shalt extending through the huhs ol said tni'hines andliollo\\'ed lroni eaeli end and plugs elosing the ends and loi-mingrhamhers within said shalt having suitahle inlet-s and outlets,lliiidhoses haring inlets and immediately adjoining said e \'linders andsurrounding the inlet to said fliainhers, a pair ol disks keyed to saidshalt within esirh ol said i"\'linders and sliding li'eelv along on saidkeys and means loiI grippiii il one ol said erlinders and holding thesaine stationaiy, as and lor the purpose speriiied.

H. ln a turl iiiu-eiigine, the eouihini'ttion with the easng haring a.suitahle inlet and exhaust and l iarings eentrally disposed in theheads thei'eol, ola paii oi' tiirhiiies lioni'- naled iii the aloi'esaidli iarings, a shalt extending through tli` huhs, el said tiirhines,having hollowed endsl and plugs in said ends 'lorniing ehainliers haringinlets and outlets, apair ol eylinders inelosing the outlets li'oin saidrhamhers and havingl i'idged inner surlaees to their heads, disks ineaeh ol said erlinders eat-h having a rldged surlaee meeting theaforesaid ridgeti sui'laees, liiid-ho.\es surrounding the inlets to saidelianihers and having inlets thereto, hinged straps ent-.ireling saideylinders, and means loi' tightening orloosening said straps around saide \linders,

` as and lor the gun-pose speeilied.

tl. ln a tur)ine-engine. the eonihimition with the easing haring asuitahle inlet and exhaust and hearings eentrallv disposed iii the headsthereof, ol a pair ol tiirhines iournaled in the aforesaid hearings, ashalt having ehainhers Formed therewit hin at the ends thtireol andsuitahle inlets and outlets, a pair ol revoluhle eylindeis haring ridgedinner surlaees to their heads, a pair ol disks in each ol said(',ylii'idfrs having i'idged outersurlaees, split traps haiged andhavin;r eorrugat ions on the onler sui'laees tlu reol, eireular tramessupported liom hases and having reeesses in their inner wallseorresponding to the aloresaid eorrugations in the'straps, andlluid-ryliiiders on said lisses having pistons ronneeted l suitahle rodsto one ol the halves ol eat-ir oll said straps, as and lor the purposesperilied.

lt). ln a tiirhne-engine, the eoinhination with the easng hat'ing asuitahle inlet and exhaust and hearings eentralli' disposi-t! iii theheads tliei'eol, ola pair ol tiirhines purnaled ii the nlh'rtsaidlieaiiinfs, a shalt LA" i haring t-liainhers lorined thereu'itliiii atthe ends'ihereol and .-:iiitahle inlets and outlets i thereto. aplurality ol ei'linders rigid with IOO said straps, pistons operatingtherein and rods therefrom pivotelyY connected to the upper hall of eachof the said straps, und boxes surrounding und inlets to the chambers inthe said shalt and having inlets thereto, as and lor the purposespecified.

1l. ln a, device of the class described, in combination, n casing, aturbine `iournaled therein, a shaft exti-niding through seid cssing andturbine, u revoluble c vlinder rigidly connected with said turbine undhaving corrugated inner surfaces to its heads, a pair ol' pistonsoperating in sind cylinder und keyed on suid shalt havingr u freelateral motion thereon, means lor introducing lluid to seid c vlinderbetween said pistons, and .means for arresting the rotation ot seidcylinder, :is and for the purpose specilied. f

l2. ln a device of the class described, in 'combinatioin a casing havingn suitable inlet und exhaust, a turbine suitabl)r journaled in saidcasing, n shalt extending through said casing and turbine, u revoluhlecylinder rigidly connected with said turbine und having corrugated innersurfaces to its bends und air-vents theretlnwnigh, a Apair of pistonsopA erating in snid cylinder having corrugated surl'nces correspoinlingto the. aforesaid corrugz'ited surfaces, ineans lor introducing fluidbetween seid pistons, u split strap hinged encircling seid cylinder andhaving a corrugated periphery, :i circular freine supported l'roin asuitable base und having' recesses in the inner .vull thereofcorresponding to the Corrugut-ions ol the stre-p und encircling the.latter, u cylinder supported on the said'bnse and having n rigideoin'iectirni with the lower haii oi' said strap, e )iston operating insaid c :linder und a rod therefrom pivotellvv connected to the upperhull' ol sind strap, :is und l'or the purpose specilirwl.

i3. ln :i device ol the class descrilitd in crnnbiinition, :i rinsinghaving suittible inlets and evlnnists,n` turbine journnled in saidcasing, a sbntt, hollowed from the end thereol' forming n, el'nnnberhaving suituble inlets and outlets, und efrtending through said turbineund casing, e revoluble cylii'ider, having rigid connection with saidturbine, ridged inner surfaces to its heads und rnountedon said shattnndinclosing the aforesaid outlets, u pnir ot' disks havingcorrespondinglv-ridged surfaces and slideblv arranged on said shaftwithin said cylinder and rotatable with said halt, a i uid-box havingsuitable inlet and encircling said shalt and inclosing the etoresaidinlets und having glzinds in the wells thereof, a circular ironiesurrounding seid evlinder having recesses in the inner well therein :indsupprn'ted troni n suitable bese, n, hinged strap huving corrugntionscorresilonding 'to the seid rev fes und encircling id c inder, :iverticzill vurrange l vlinder sting en the r-.lioresziid buse havingrigid rniii'n'tii-:l 'with the lower halt' ol seid strap and suitableinlets and exhausts, a piston operating therein, und n rod therefrompivotally connected to the upper halt ole said strap, as and for thepurpose specitied.

14. ln a device ot the class described, in combination, :i casing havinga suitable inlet end exhaust, a` turbine journuled in sind caslng,extending through said turbine and casing, a fluid-controlled clutchmeehenisl'n mounted on said s-hztiit und connected with said tur bine, astationery box encircling said shaft having n suitable inlet andconnections with said lluidrontrolled clutch mechanism, end glandsformed in slots in the wells ot said box having baille-rings withinturned iienges encircling said shalt in theA interstices be tweenannular projections trein seid shaft and the wells of the slots in W-ich stud glands are formed, as and tor the purpose spec-ined.

l5. ln u device of the class described, in combination, u casing havinga suitable inlet and exhaust, a shaft, a turbine journuled in saidcasing, having u hub, a plurality of rings rigid with sind hub, aplurality ot' curved blades oli gruduallv-varyiwf length bevinning tronithe outermost. blad es inwardly, and extfenning from said rings to aninteri'nediete plurulitv ot rings, a'plurslit)Y oi" curved bladesextending troni sindifnterinediute rings und grzuluully varying inlength, beginning frein the outermost blades at the other side of theeasing, andextending to a second intermediate plurality of' rings, aplurality et curved blades extending from the lett-er rings and vervinf-vy Vin length beginning freni the other side or the casing', endextending to the outermost rings, said tblades forming e, fluidpnssage,having e narrow inlet and gradually lnring in the passage along throughthe vna shaft having annular projections and f rions sets of blades to nwide exhaust neer the shaft, and for the purpose specified.

lo. .ln a device of the class described, in combination, u casing havingsuitable inlet und exhaust und connecting ports, e shalt, a turbinehaving hub `iourin'ded in seid casing,'rings extending troni seid hubund rigid therewith, blaues l:rtending from seid rings, rings connected.to the outer end of said blades, blades extending 4from the letter ringsand connected to rings at their outer ends, und blades extendingoutwardly from the last-named rings und secured to the outermost rings,and annuler. slots in the sides of all ot said rings and in theu sideser" the casing adjacent to seid rinffs, and buiieqings introduced inseid annular slots, es and for the purpose specified.

17. In a device of the class described, in combination, i1. casinghaving suitable inlet and exhaust and connecting p rts, a turbine havinga hub journuled in said casing, a plu rnlity of rings rigid with saidhub having doveteiled slots et their outer ends, u plural ity of rings.ha-ving annular dovetailed slots,

blades having dm'r'ftnilnd tnngiins l'itinfr inn;

the saidv dnvnmilud slots, wedges having in- Lliincd llznwifs lillnnf insaid dnviiziilnd sluis between snid dow-lliilnd longues snid blades andsind rings bningr niinnggnn mdizilly in l'ni'ni :i [luid-passing ffi'zidunilx" ilzningf iiiinn the inln zidjzmonl in thilvii-cninl'ni'uncn in ihn exhaust adjmzinl in ihn hnb, bniiiv-iings inLindnnud in einnnl; i' sluis in ihn sidis nl send ring-s and (-.zisiigbnlwnnn hn lhiid-lnziss; :ind n shun,- ihxnngh sind ini-bhw und (fusing,as und im' ihn pin'iinsn sim-invii.

in hn sidns mi ihn rings, :ind bnllizf-i'ings in combination, i casinghaving a Suitable inloll :ind nxhnust, n turbine journnled in saidcaising und formed oi' a plui'zllity 0l 'rings having innnhn dovetuiislots, and :L plurality nl fciiiwd blades having dovemil Longues al, mmhvnd thereof litbihg into sniddnveinii sluis, :ind iQ/n'iovnble wedgesil'liiv'nninggF beiivnnn said Lnnguns in said slots, :is and hn ihnpiiinnsii spfiifilind.

2U, ln n, d-wicn nl'thn class described, in vninbinntinn, il, usinghzwingr a snilnibh; inlet l :nid nxhnnsl, n ilir'bin joui'iiziled insaid cusinj-f and lniniod nlA n nhu'nlity ni 'rings having :nnnils'dm'ntnil slots, and u piiu'ulity nl in'rvwd blzidns having dnvntsnltongues LL wnh ond ihoi'nnl' hiking: into said dnvn'nii finis smid:innnhii' sluis, :i shrill, uxnnding Linneni'h V sind hnbs, und clinchinni-,lmnisin uoininirlnd L0 smid lnibin :ind shall, :is und ini' ihninnpuse sinrfiilind.

in n. dmficn 0l' ih@ uniss ns thiniwh snid inngjniis, .find

Lf, O

